![]() Powdered antimony, particularly if previously. Figure 4 and 5 show containers that look similar to pots, in which they may have been easier for one to mix and moisten the kohl in. my MS., especially the chapter on the Metallurgy of Antimony. lump size, weight 50 g, high purity 99. Kohl was such a staple item that it was inevitable that containers would vary, whether they were similar to contemporary makeup tubes or could be compared to miniature plant pots. size (micron), weight 200 g, purity 99.2 GF74299214 Antimony, powder, 45 max. The powdered kohl was kept in pots and tubes… moistened with saliva, and applied with a kohl stick of ivory, wood, silver, glass, or bronze… The kohl stick might be moistened and dipped into the tube or pot, or the powder might be poured into a cosmetics spoon or dish and moistened.” (9-10) “Whatever else the Egyptians did or did not do, they seldom failed to line their eyes heavily with kohl- a black, grey, or coloured powder made variously of powdered antimony (stibium), black manganese oxide, burnt almonds, lead, black oxide of copper, carbon, brown ochre, iron oxide, malachite, and chrysocolla, a green-blue copper ore. In Fashions in Makeup from Ancient to Modern Times (2003), Richard Corson describes how Egyptians used cosmetics on each part of their faces, including kohl on their eyes: ![]() Even the makeup containers such as the kohl container in figure 3 look similar to contemporary makeup tubes. The History of Makeup: Classic Beauty allows for one to picture an ancient Egyptian woman enhancing her beauty with products like eyeliner, eyeshadow, lipstick, etc. ![]() Ithmid (antimony) Kohl is special because unlike other types of Kohl it carries enormous health benefits for the eyes. These included the green mineral malachite, red ochre used as a rouge and lip colorant, and black powder eyeliner known as kohl made from soot, galena, and other ingredients.” (16)Ĭlearly, the use of face makeup and cosmetics is not a new concept. Ithmid (antimony) is a type of a natural stone which when powdered is called Ithmid (antimony) Kohl and is used as a kohl for the eyes and the surrounding hair. “The toilette box of a wealthy Egyptian woman often contained pumice stones, eye paint applicators, mineral powder, palettes to mix colors, and containers of colored powder. In The History of Makeup: Classic Beauty (2011), Gabriela Hernandez provides in-depth information on the makeup used by wealthy Egyptian women, such as kohl: 2) depicts Queen Nefertiti with bold black outlines on her eyes, which conveys that she also employed kohl. Kohl was so significant throughout the culture that even artwork depicted a face with the signature eyeliner, such as the mummy in figure 1. ![]() They would draw even lines above and below the eyes and slightly arch the ends. When Egyptians wore the kohl around their eyes, they had an unusual style of applying it. Eyeliner was made of powdered black kohl, an ore of lead, and eyeshadows were created by pulverized minerals such as malachite, lapis lazuli, or turquoise.” (3) “Cosmetics were worn by both women and men, most especially for enhancing the eyes and as protection from the glare of the sun. Publication Date: Research Org.: California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States) Sponsoring Org.: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) OSTI Identifier: 1896344 Alternate Identifier(s): OSTI ID: 1903169 Grant/Contract Number: SC0022087 SC0004993 Resource Type: Published Article Journal Name: ACS Energy Letters Additional Journal Information: Journal Name: ACS Energy Letters Journal Volume: 7 Journal Issue: 12 Journal ID: ISSN 2380-8195 Publisher: American Chemical Society Country of Publication: United States Language: English Subject: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY Catalysts Granular materials Oxidation state Oxides Transition = single chains.Daniel Delis Hill’s History of World Costume and Fashion (2011) explains Egyptian cosmetics and the use of kohl: Serves the aerospace, agriculture, automotive, cosmetics, nuclear, oil, gas and pharmaceutical industries.
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